The Pressure of Early English Learning on Vietnamese Preschoolers

In today’s globalized world, English has emerged as a vital skill for communication and opportunity. For many Vietnamese parents, ensuring their children master this language feels like an essential step toward securing their future success. However, this well-intentioned aspiration often translates into significant pressure on preschool-aged children to begin learning English at an early age.

While the benefits of bilingualism are well-documented, the potential drawbacks of early language acquisition under stress warrant thoughtful examination. This article delves into the impacts of early English learning on Vietnamese preschoolers, drawing insights from scientific research conducted in Finland, the United States, the United Kingdom, South Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.

The Rise of English in Vietnamese Education

Children exposed to multiple languages develop enhanced executive functions, such as attention control and memory.

Over the past two decades, Vietnam’s education system has witnessed a surge in English language programs. Many preschools now integrate English into their curricula, often employing native-speaking teachers to cater to parental demand. Parents believe that early exposure to English offers their children a competitive advantage in academics and future careers. However, research highlights that the success of such programs heavily depends on their implementation.

A 2023 study by the Vietnam National Institute of Educational Sciences revealed that early English exposure can enhance phonological awareness but cautioned against overemphasizing formal instruction. The study found that excessive pressure to learn English often leads to stress and a decline in native language proficiency. Similarly, research from the University of Helsinki emphasizes that balanced bilingual programs, which equally value the child’s first language, support better cognitive and emotional development.

Bilingual Benefits: What Does Science Say?

The cognitive advantages of bilingualism are widely recognized. A 2022 report by Harvard University noted that bilingual children often excel in problem-solving, multitasking, and creativity compared to their monolingual peers. Finnish research published in Early Childhood Development Quarterly (2021) further highlighted that children exposed to multiple languages develop enhanced executive functions, such as attention control and memory.

However, the context and timing of language exposure play a crucial role. A 2020 longitudinal study in Japan found that children who began learning a second language before age six exhibited improved neural plasticity—provided the learning was playful and stress-free. Conversely, rigorous, academically driven programs often resulted in heightened anxiety and diminished motivation to learn.

Cultural and Developmental Considerations

Finland’s child-centered educational philosophy demonstrates the value of a relaxed approach to early language learning.

South Korea’s “English fever” serves as a cautionary tale for Vietnam. This intense societal focus on early English proficiency has led to widespread use of private tutoring and cram schools for preschoolers. A 2020 study from Seoul National University found that children in high-pressure environments exhibited elevated stress levels, sleep disturbances, and reduced engagement in creative play.

In contrast, Finland’s child-centered educational philosophy demonstrates the value of a relaxed approach to early language learning. The Finnish National Agency for Education advocates for language acquisition through natural interactions and play, aligning with Vygotsky’s theory of socio-cultural development. This theory emphasizes meaningful social interactions as foundational to effective learning.

The Impact on Vietnamese Cultural Identity

An unintended consequence of prioritizing English learning is the potential erosion of Vietnamese language and culture. A 2021 study by the Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences warned that intensive early English education risks weakening children’s proficiency in Vietnamese, especially when native language development is undervalued. Language is not merely a communication tool; it is also a carrier of cultural heritage and identity.

Balancing English proficiency with cultural preservation requires intentional strategies.

Research from the University of Cambridge in 2023 underscored the importance of dual-language approaches that equally emphasize the first language (L1) and the second language (L2). These methods not only promote bilingualism but also strengthen children’s cultural identity and sense of belonging.

Parental Expectations and Child Well-being

"Vietnamese parents often set high academic expectations for their children, with English proficiency seen as a crucial milestone." 

"Vietnamese parents often set high academic expectations for their children, with English proficiency seen as a crucial milestone." - said Mr. Hai Le, Business Development Director at HEI Schools Saigon Central. 

While these aspirations stem from love and care, they can inadvertently place undue pressure on young learners. A 2022 survey by the Vietnam Ministry of Education and Training found that 68% of preschool parents believe early English proficiency is essential for their child’s success, leading many to enroll their children in intensive language programs.

Excessive focus on academic outcomes can overshadow other critical areas of development. Research from Stanford University in 2021 highlighted the importance of holistic growth during the preschool years, encompassing physical, emotional, and social development. Overemphasis on language learning can disrupt this balance, potentially causing burnout and a loss of interest in learning.

Best Practices for Early English Education

Given these challenges, how can parents and educators support preschoolers in learning English effectively without overwhelming them? Research offers several best practices:

1. Play-Based Learning: Embed English learning into play activities, songs, and storytelling. Finnish early childhood programs excel in creating immersive yet pressure-free environments.

2. Quality Over Quantity: Limit English instruction to short, engaging sessions tailored to children’s attention spans. A 2023 study from Kyoto University in Japan found that 20-minute interactive sessions were more effective than hour-long classes.

3. Integrating Native Language: Ensure Vietnamese remains a central part of children’s daily interactions. Research from the University of Vietnam shows that strong L1 skills enhance L2 acquisition.

4. Parental Involvement: Actively engage in your child’s language journey by reading English books, watching educational shows together, and celebrating small milestones.

5. Focus on Emotional Well-being: Foster a supportive and encouraging learning environment. A 2022 study by the UK’s National Literacy Trust found that children thrive when they feel valued and supported.

6. Avoid Comparisons: Recognize that each child’s learning pace is unique. Pressuring children to meet arbitrary benchmarks can harm their confidence and intrinsic motivation.

Conclusion: A Balanced Approach

The desire to equip Vietnamese preschoolers with English skills is both understandable and admirable. However, it is essential to approach early English education with care. The goal should be to enrich children’s development and cultural identity, not to overwhelm them with undue pressure. By adopting research-backed practices and fostering nurturing environments, parents and educators can help children thrive as bilingual individuals.

At HEI Schools Saigon Central, bilingualism is a journey, not a race. By focusing on the joy of learning rather than the urgency of proficiency, we can empower children to develop not only their language skills but also a lifelong love of learning.